|  JEI Home  |  JTAS  |  Subscription  | 

Journal of Environmental Informatics

Online ISSN 1684-8799 / Print ISSN 1726-2135

 

Guest

   Volume 15   Number 2   June  2010 = non-subscribed

doi:10.3808/jei.201000168 About DOIs

JEI 15(2) 2010, Pages 74-86  

© 2010 ISEIS. All rights reserved.

Network Environ Analysis of Spatial Arrangement for Reserves in Wuyishan Nature Reserve, China

S. Gao1, B. Chen1, Z. F. Yang1* and G. H. Huang2

  1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  2. Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada

*Corresponding author. Tel: +86 10 58807951 Fax: +86 10 58807951 Email: zfyang@bnu.edu.cn

 

Abstract

The spatial arrangement of reserves within a network is critical to the long-term persistence of dispersing species. In this paper, based on network environ analysis, an approach is presented to explicitly measure such ecological function, in which the dispersal-based interactions between reserves are considered from a holistic view by exploring not only species' direct dispersals but also their indirect ones. The proposed method first defines the ecological function of spatial arrangement of reserves as the probability that a species will survive for long time in a reserve network, and then expands this function by taking the reserve loss into account when evaluating a species' extinction probability at each reserve. A case study for L. nycthemera and M. thibetana from Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Fujian Province, China, is further conducted. The highest probabilities of long-term survival are identified for both species in the reserve networks that contain several migrations with high successful dispersal probability. In addition, the path number of each common reserve under neighboring scenarios is found to be influenced by the changes of direct dispersal, from which the criteria for protecting and optimizing the spatial configuration of reserves in a nature reserve are derived. For Wuyishan Nature Reserve, these criteria may act as important bases to restrict and guide the development of tourism of surrounding cities and the socio-economic activities of local residents. It is concluded that the proposed method can provide an effective way to examine the ecological function of spatial arrangement of reserve network and contribute to species' long-term persistence in nature reserves.


Keywords: network environ analysis, reserve network, holistic spatial arrangement, long-term persistence, extinction probability, Wuyishan Nature Reserve

 

Full Text (PDF) | Export citation to: EndNote  RefMan

Cite this paper as: S. Gao, B. Chen, Z. F. Yang and G. H. Huang, 2010. Network Environ Analysis of Spatial Arrangement for Reserves in Wuyishan Nature Reserve, China. Journal of Environmental Informatics, 15(2), 74-86. doi:10.3808/jei.201000168


References: 60

  1. Alagador, D., and Cerdeira, J.O. (2007). Designing spatially-explicit reserve networds in the presence of mandatory sites. Biol. Conserv., 137, 254-262. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.008
  2. Bata, S.A., Borrett, S.R., Patten, B.C., Whipple, S.J., Schramski, J.R., and Gattie, D.K. (2007). Equivalence of throughflow- and storage-based environs. Ecol. Model., 206, 400-406. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.005
  3. Bauer, D.M., Swallow, S.K., and Paton, P.W.C. (2010). Cost-effective species conservation in exurban communities: A spatial analysis. Res. Energy Econ., 32, 180-202. doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2009.11.012
  4. Bellamy, P.E., Hinsley, S.A., and Newton, I. (1996). Factors influencing bird species numbers in small woods in south-east England. J. Appl. Ecol., 33, 249-262. doi:10.2307/2404747
  5. Borrett, S.R., Fath, B.D., and Patten, B.C. (2007). Functional integration of ecological networks through pathway proliferation. J. Theor. Biol., 245, 98-111. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.09.024
  6. Briers, R.A. (2002). Incorporating connectivity into reserve selection procedures. Biol. Conserv., 103, 77-83. doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00123-9
  7. Bunn, A.G., Urban, D.L., and Keitt, T.H. (2000). Landscape connectivity: A conservation application of graph theory. J. Environ. Manage., 59(4), 265-278. doi:10.1006/jema.2000.0373
  8. Cabeza, M. (2003). Habitat loss and connectivity of reserve networks in probability approaches to reserve design. Ecol. Lett., 6, 665-672. doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00475.x
  9. Cabeza, M., and Moilanen, A. (2003). Site selection algorithms and habitat loss. Conserv. Biol., 17(5), 1402-1413. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01421.x
  10. Cabeza, M., Araújo, M.B., Wilson, R.J., Thomas, C.D., Cowley, M.J.R. and Moilanen, A. (2004b). Combining probabilities of occurrence with spatial reserve design. J. Appl. Ecol., 41, 252-262. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00905.x
  11. Cabeza, M., Moilanen, A., and Possingham, H.P. (2004a). Meta-population Dynamics and Reserve Network Design, in I. Hanski and O.E. Gaggiotti (Ed.), Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution of Metapopulations, Academic Press, pp. 541-564, 2004. doi:10.1016/b978-012323448-3/50024-6
  12. Cao, M.F., and Huang, G.H. (2010a). Improved two-step method for interval linear programming. J. Environ. Inf., accepted.
  13. Cao, M.F., and Huang, G.H. (2010b). Scenario-based solution methods for interval linear programming. J. Environ. Inf., accepted.
  14. Cerdeira, J.O., Gaston, K.J. and Pinto, L.S. (2005). Connectivity in priority area selection for conservation. Environ. Model. Assess., 10, 183-192. doi:10.1007/s1066-005-9008-4
  15. Cerdeira, J.O., Pinto, L.S., Cabeza, M., and Gaston, K.J. (2010). Species specific connectivity in reserve-network design using graphs. Biol. Conserv., 143, 408-415. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.005
  16. Cheng, S.L., Fang, Y., Cheng, L., Zhong, Z.Y., Zheng, Y.Q., Wang, X.M., and Cheng, Y.J. (2009). Pheasants and their conservation status in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. Journal of Hainan Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 22(1), 83-85.
  17. Fath, B.D. (2007). Structural food web regimes. Ecol. Model., 208, 391-394. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.013
  18. Fath, B.D., and Borrett, S.R. (2006). A MATLAB function for network environ analysis. Environ. Model. Software, 21, 375-405. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.007
  19. Fath, B.D., and Patten, B.C. (1998). Network synergism: Emergence of positive relations in ecological systems. Ecol. Model., 107, 127-143. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00213-5
  20. Fath, B.D., and Patten, B.C. (1999). Review of the foundations of network environ analysis. Ecosystems, 2, 167-179. doi:10.1007/s100219900067
  21. Fath, B.D., Scharler, U.M., Ulanowicz, R.E., and Hannon, B. (2007). Ecological network analysis: Network construction. Ecol. Model., 208, 49-55. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.029
  22. Fischer, D.T., and Church, R.L. (2003). Clustering and compactness in reserve site selection: An extension of the biodiversity management area selection model. For. Sci., 49, 555-565.
  23. Fuller, T., Munguia, M., Mayfield, M., Sanchez-Cordero, V., and Sarkar, S. (2006). Incorporating connectivity into conservation planning: A multi-criteria case study from central Mexico. Biol. Conserv., 133, 131-142. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.040
  24. Gao, Y.R. (1996). The season activity and aggregating behavior of the Silver Pheasant in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. Acta Zool. Sin., 42(suppl.), 74-79.
  25. Garson, J., Aggarwal, A., and Sarkar, S. (2002). ResNet Ver 12 Manual. http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~consbio/Cons/ResNet.html.
  26. Huang, G.H., Sun, W., Nie, X.H., Qin, X.S., and Zhang, X.D. (2010). Development of a decision-support system for rural eco-environmental management in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province, China. Environ. Model. Software, 25, 24-42. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.07.010
  27. Jiang, Y., Swallow, S.K., and Paton, P.W.C. (2007). Designing a spatially-explicit nature reserve network based on ecologica functions: An integer pregramming approach. Biol. Conserv., 140, 236-249.
  28. Kati, V., Devillers, P., Dufrene, M., Legakis, A., Vokou, D., and Lebrun, P. (2004). Hotspots, complementarity or representativeness? Designing optimal small-scale reserves for biodiversity conservation. Biol. Conserv., 120, 471-480. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.03.020
  29. Lee, J.T., Woddy, S.J., and Thompson, S. (2001). Targeting sites for conservation: Using a patch-based ranking scheme to assess conservation potential. J. Environ. Manage., 61, 367- 380. doi:10.1006/jema.2001.0419
  30. Lombard, A.T., Cowling, R.M., Pressey, R.L., and Mustart, P.J. (1997). Reserve selection in a species rich and fragmented landscape on the Agulhas Plain, South Africa. Conserv. Biol., 11(5), 1101-1116. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96043.x
  31. McDonnell, M.D., Possingham, H.P., Ball, I.R., and Cousins, E.A. (2002). Mathematical methods for spatially cohesive reserve design. Environ. Model. Assess., 7, 107-114.
  32. Moilanen, A., and Cabeza, M. (2002). Single species dynamic site-selection. Ecol. Appl., 12, 913-926. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0913:SSDSS]2.0.CO;2
  33. Moilanen, A., Franco, A.M.A., Early, R.I., Fox, R., Wintle, B., and Thomas, C.D. (2005). Prioritizing multiple-use landscapes for conservation: Methods for large multi-species planning problems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci., 272, 1885-1891. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3164
  34. Onal, H., and Briers, R.A. (2002). Incorporating spatial criteria in optimum reserve network selection. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci., 269(1508), 2437-2441. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2183
  35. Onal, H., and Briers, R.A. (2003). Selection of a minimum-boundary reserve network using integer programming. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci., 270(1523), 1487-1491. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2393
  36. Onal, H., and Briers, R.A. (2005). Designing a conservation reserve network with minimal fragmentation: A linear integer programming approach. Environ. Model. Assess., 10, 193-202. doi:10.1007/s10666-005-9009-3
  37. Onal, H., and Briers, R.A. (2006). Optimal selection of a connected reserve network. Oper. Res., 54, 379-388. doi:10.1287/opre.1060.0272
  38. Onal, H., and Wang, Y.C. (2008). A graph theory approach for designing conservation reserve networks with minimal fragmentation. Networks, 52, 142-152. doi:10.1002/net.20211
  39. Phillips, S.J. (2005). A brief tutorial on Maxent. http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~schapire/maxent/turorial/tutorial.doc.
  40. Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P., and Schapire, R.E. (2006). Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol. Model., 19, 231-259. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026
  41. Polasky, S., Csuti, B., Vossler, C.A., and Meyers, S.M. (2001). A comparison of taxonomic distinctness versus richness as criteria for setting conservation priorities for North American birds. Biol. Conserv., 97, 99-105. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00103-8
  42. Rayfield, B., Moilanen, A., and Fortin, M.J. (2009). Incorporating consumer-resource spatial interactions in reserve design. Ecol. Model., 220, 725-733. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.016
  43. Rodrigues, A.S.L., Gregory, R.D., and Gaston, K.J. (2000). Robustness of reserve selection procedures under temporal species turnover. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci., 267(1438), 49-55. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.0965
  44. Rothley, K.D. (1999). Designing bioreserve networks to satisfy multiple, conflicting demands. Ecol. Appl., 9, 741-750. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0741:DBNTSM]2.0.CO;2
  45. Salomon, A.K., Ruesink, J.L., and DeWreede, R.E. (2006). Population viability, ecological processes and biodiversity: Valuing sites for reserve selection. Biol. Conserv., 128, 79-92. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.018
  46. Saura, S., and Hortal, L.P. (2007). A new habitat availability index to integrate connectivity in landscape conservation planning: Comparison with existing indices and application to a case study. Landscape Urban Plann., 83, 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.03.005
  47. Siitonen, P., Tanskanen, A., and Lehtinen, A. (2003). Selecting forest reserves with a multiobjective spatial algorithm. Environ. Sci. & Policy, 6, 301-309. doi:10.1016/S1462-9011(03)00039-X
  48. Urban, D., and Keitt, T. (2001). Landscape connectivity: A graph-theoretic perspective. Ecology, 82(5), 1205-1218. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1205:LCAGTP]2.0.CO;2
  49. Van Langevelde, F., Claassen, F., and Schotman, A. (2002). Two strategies for conservation planning in human-dominated landscapes. Landscape Urban Plann., 58, 281-295. doi:10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00227-4
  50. Van Teeffelen, A.J.A., Cabeza, M., and Moilanen, A. (2006). Connectivity, probabilities and persistence: Comparing reserve selection strategies. Biodivers. Conserv., 15, 899-919. doi:10.1007/s10531-004-2933-8
  51. Vos, C.C., Verboom, J., Opdam, P.F.M., and Ter Braak, C.J.F. (2001). Toward ecologically scaled landscape indices. The American Naturalist, 183(1), 24-41. doi:10.1086/317004
  52. Wessels, K.J., Freitag, S., and Van Jaarsveld, A.S. (1999). The use of land facets as biodiversity surrogates during reserve selection at a local scale. Biol. Conserv., 89, 21-38. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00133-5
  53. Williams, J.C. (2008). Optimal reserve site selection with distance requirements. Comput. Oper. Res., 35, 488-498. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2006.03.012
  54. Williams, J.C., and ReVelle, C.S. (1998). Reserve assemblage of critical areas: A zero-one programming approach. Eur. J. Oper. Res., 104, 497-509. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(97)00017-9
  55. Xiong, C.P. (1984). Ecological studies of the Stumptailed Macaque. Acta Theriol. Sin., 4(1), 1-9.
  56. Xiong, C.P., and Wang, Q.S. (1988). Seasonal habitat used by Thibetan Monkeys. Acta Theriol. Sin., 8(3), 176-183.
  57. Xiong, Z.B., Yu, D.L., Tan, C.J., and Yu, P. (2003). Population and habitat protection of the Silver Pheasant at Maolan National Nature Sanctuary, Guizhou Province, China. J. Guizhou Univ. Technol. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 20(2), 200-204.
  58. Zafra-Calvo, N., Cerro, R., Fuller, T., Lobo, J.M., Rodriguez, M.A., and Sarkar, S. (2010). Prioritizing areas for conservation and vegetation restoration in post-agricultural landscapes: A Biosphere Reserve plan for Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. Biol. Conserv., 143, 787-794. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.022
  59. Zhang, X.D., Huang, G.H., and Nie, X.H. (2009). Robust stochastic fuzzy possibilistic programming for environmental decision making under uncertainty. Sci. Total Environ., 408, 192-201. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.050
  60. Zuidema, P.A., Sayer, J.A., and Dijkman, W. (1996). Forest fragmentation and biodiversity: The case for intermediate sized conservation areas. Environ. Conserv., 23, 290-297. doi:10.1017/S037689290003914X

    61.  


© 2010 ISEIS - International Society for Environmental Information Sciences